Wear different shoes every other day to allow each pair to air out between wears. Here are a few of our tips that should get your blood vessels dilated: - Soak your feet in Epsom salt and cold water, - Massage your feet before bed and rinse them in cool water. Some potential causes of nerve damage to your feet and legs include: Vitamin deficiency: A significant deficiency in vitamin B-12 can result in a lack of myelin production. Depending on the cause of your hot feet, creams and ointments may help mitigate some of the symptoms. Try our products in the comfort of your own home for 10 days. Hot feet is one of its symptoms. Medical professionals often use lidocaine to numb the skin before they carry out certain procedures such as taking blood. Here, learn why it happens, how it feels, and what to, This article explores whether drinking apple cider vinegar in the morning aids weight loss and provides other health benefits, as well as the, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. A topical cream: Epsom salt soaks in luke- warm water before you go to bed at night, can really help sooth your feet. Last medically reviewed on December 8, 2020. Weve compiled a list of helpful tips below. But digestion is a complex process involving different organs in the body, and it generates sweat and heat in the body, which wont work in your favor. [1] You should also drink lots of water throughout the day to stay hydrated. Your feet may feel hot if you wear socks to bed, use a heating pad or hot water bottle, or sleep under thick bedcovers. Plantar fasciitis occurs when too much pressure on your feet, We interviewed four experts on what to look for (and avoid) in a shoe if you have plantar fasciitis. Acupuncture stimulates the nervous system and increases blood flow. (2013). 8. Try to regularly do: Make an appointment to visit your doctor if you experience burning sensations for more than a few weeks, especially if you have a chronic condition that affects your nerves and circulation. Hot feet are sometimes associated with poor circulation. Epsom salt is used widely in the treatment of pains and swellings on different parts of the body. Also be sure to see your doctor if the burning spreads to your lower legs or if you lose sensation in your feet. However, there is little evidence to support their use. Other medications that may help target conditions and symptoms associated with hot feet include: Depending on the cause of your hot feet, supplements might be able to help treat the underlying condition. As an integral part of your everyday life, your feet experience a lot of wear and tear. When the underlying cause of hot feet is unknown or untreatable, the following feet-cooling techniques can help cool down your feet at night: Sleep with your feet out of the covers. The symptoms of some medical conditions that might be the underlying cause of the burning sensation can be treated with this method. All information presented in this website is intended for informational purposes only and not for the purpose of rendering medical advice. This can pressure your nerves and cause hot feet, among other symptoms. Often, treating the medical condition that causes the hot feet can relieve symptoms. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. However, it isnt always suitable for people with diabetes, and it can cause side effects. On the other hand, avoid added sugar or artificial sweeteners, too many caffeinated drinks and alcohol, trans fats or refined oils, processed carbohydrates, and grains. Here are 9 that may provide relief: Soaking the feet in cold water can help temporarily relieve the symptoms of BFS. Poor circulation is a common problem, and though these issues are often treated with medications, eating certain foods can also help. It contains a chemical compound found in hot peppers. It also happens because alcohol is toxic to nerves in the body. Frozen socks are a thing? Sorry to surprise you, but yes, frozen socks are a thing! (2012). Sometimes switching medications may help, as in the case of HIV medications that lead to neuropathy. Drink cool liquids. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen can help with mild to moderate hot feet. Here are the 14. However, BFS is also a symptom of a number of other conditions. Taking adequate supplements that contain compounds that can help with nerve damage may help reduce the burning sensation and can cool down hot feet at night. [1] Keep in mind that the handkerchief might drip down your back and get your shirt a bit wet with this method. Avoid exposing your feet to heat. 7. Peripheral neuropathy can affect your legs and feet, causing burning, tingling, or numbness. One 2011 study showed that capsaicin is effective in helping manage pain. So you need to keep your home dark and the doors closed up tight to keep that excess heat out of your home. Soaking the feet in a foot bath consisting of warm water and apple cider vinegar may be an effective way of treating athletes foot. Different factors can cause hot feet; well explore them in detail later in the article. If you have two windows that are in line with each other or even positioned diagonally, make sure that both are open. Although there are medically accepted causes for burning feet, some causes of burning feet are due to some things we expose ourselves to during the day. Having low levels of the thyroid hormone a condition known as hypothyroidism can lead to tingling, numbness, or pain in the feet, legs, arms, or hands. Experiment with lifting your feet up while you sleep using a pillow or wedge. These sensations occur because having consistently low body levels of thyroid hormones leads to nerve damage. decreasing the symptoms of athletes foot. Though sometimes hot feet at night is caused simply be the environmental conditions around you, rather than a medical condition. They are but are not limited to : Eating heavy meals as dinner means your body will need a longer time to digest the meal. Other nerve stimulation therapies include: 5. This may provide temporary relief. One of the main symptoms of diabetic neuropathy is BFS. Omega-3 fish oil. It might also help to eat cooler food like salads in the evening and avoid having the oven blazing away for long periods of time. The treatment for hot feet varies and depends on the underlying cause of the symptoms. Being exposed to heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, or mercury, can cause a burning sensation in the feet and hands. Find out what your feet say about the health of the rest of your, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Making small changes to your routine may help gradually improve the symptoms of hot feet. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is similar to carpal tunnel syndrome of the wrist but occurs in the ankle. Alcoholic neuropathy: Possible mechanisms and future treatment possibilities [Abstract]. Kidney disease. Where possible, avoid prolonged periods of standing or walking. In this post, I'll provide tips to keep your feet cool, investigate what could trigger hot feet, and when to seek medical attention.. Take a foot bath with Epsom salts before bed. Improving your body's blood circulation may be the fix you were dreaming of. BFS is common in older adults, and can become more intense at night. Supplements may cause side effects or interfere with medications youre taking. However, nerve damage itself often results from another medical condition. There are many possible causes of hot or burning feet. But, it should keep your feet cool long enough for you to fall asleep. Do your burning feet prevent you from falling asleep at night? Let your lower body breathe. Some people also find relief from aiming a fan at the end of their beds near their feet or wearing cooling socks.. Identify the Cause The first thing you'll want to do is observe yourself and see if you can identify the cause of the hot feet. Close the Doors You would be amazed at how much heat travels through your doors. CRPS is a broad term that describes pain and inflammation that follows an injury to a persons arm or leg. Just as the method spells, it involves raising your feet, applying ice, using compression, and then keeping them in an elevated position. Treatments can include: When, for example, hot feet is caused by diabetic neuropathy, regulating blood sugar levels may bring relief. Some conditions, such as erythromelalgia, have no known treatment. Cool down hot feet after a long day, or before bed, by placing them in a basin of cool water. People often use Epsom salt to treat a variety of issues, including pain and the symptoms of athletes foot. Massage your feet before going to bed. Common hormonal changes known to cause hot feet are pregnancy, thyroid issues, and menopause. (2013). Digesting food raises your body temperature (especially large portions of meat). Damage to the nerves is estimated to affect nearly one-third of people with HIV. Evening primrose oil, which is sometimes used in the treatment of nerve damage symptoms like numbing and tingling. Self-care Soak your feet in cool water for at least 15 minutes. 3. Burning feet syndrome: A clinical review. How to Cool Down a Room Your sleep environment plays a huge role in your temperature when you sleep. A clinical study of people who experience red, hot, painful feet in the community. However, silk blends or silk mixed with synthetic materials are even better. Neuropathies have many possible causes, including diabetes, alcohol misuse, and infections. Use the bed wedge to raise your legs to heart height. Medical conditions that can cause nerve damage and BFS include: Diabetes can cause high blood sugar levels. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. It contains a chemical compound found in hot peppers. You can talk to your physical therapist about any pain youre experiencing and try special orthopedic inserts or shoes during the daytime. That burning, tingling, and numbing sensation in your toes and feet may just be from poor circulation. Here are all the most common causes of hot feet at night. While topical creams and ointments are a great way to treat hot feet, you must know what is causing this hot burning sensation to know which cream to use. 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. Wear a circulation-friendly gel in your shoes. At any one time, it is estimated that 15 to 25 percent of people have athletes foot, a common fungal infection. Pulse points like the ankle, wrists, and back of the knees can help to quickly distribute heat or cold to other parts of your body. The bottom line . If the nerves are left unprotected, this can damage the peripheral nerves (the nerves in the hands and feet). 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a common technique that involves using electrodes to deliver a mild electric current to the affected area. However, there is no scientific evidence to prove how effective this treatment may be. Hot feet. Hammond, N., Wang, Y., Dimachkie, M., & Barohn, R. (2013, May). There are different stimulation therapies. Letting in the air at night is good, but keeping the air moving is even better. So there you have it, 20 detailed and proven tips that show you how to cool down hot feet at night. Eating foods that support cardiovascular health and metabolic health can limit your risk for developing problems like type 2 diabetes or arterial diseases. Medical professionals call the sensation of burning in the feet or lower leg burning feet syndrome (BFS). A healthy diet. This might reduce sensations like tingling and throbbing. According to a 2014 studyTrusted Source, capsaicin cream may help with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. So, what exactly can you do to cool down hot feet at night. Burning feet can be a warning sign of a more serious medical condition, such as diabetes mellitus, peripheral nerve damage, or malnutrition. If you think your hot feet are due to nerve damage on your extremities, you may want to consider adding these two supplements to your daily dose of vitamins after talking to your doctor. Capsaicin cream is another option. It can cause a tingling or burning sensation in the feet. Wear circulation-friendly gel inserts in your shoes. Capsaicin cream is another option. What does it mean when your feet get hot and feel like theyre burning? Stimulation therapies are a great way to reduce the tingling and burning that comes with hot feet. If you develop hot feet after a wound becomes infected or after exposure to a toxin, go to an emergency room right away. The burning sensation is almost usually confined to just the soles of the feet. A 2020 study of mice looked at the use of ginger extract. We avoid using tertiary references. Some tips for manning symptoms include dressing comfortably when sleeping to reduce warmth, taking care of your feet, changing your diet, exercising, boosting blood flow and trying treatments to manage nerve damage. Along with burning sensations, symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in the arms, hands, legs, and feet. Diabetics and people with Grierson-Gopalan syndrome, Many essential oils also have natural anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic qualities and may be able to, Magnetic field therapy, which may help lower inflammation and edema and. This rare condition is characterized by symptoms such as redness, burning, and pain in the feet and hands, often triggered by an increase in body temperature. Here are a couple of options for doing this: Use a buckwheat or foam pillow. 1. Topical lidocaine is also a common treatment for pain associated with SFSN in both patch and gel form. It Starts in the Kitchen, Read Nutritional neuropathies. Peripheral neuropathy can affect your legs and feet, causing burning, tingling, or numbness. When the underlying cause of hot feet is unknown or untreatable, the following feet-cooling techniques can help cool down your feet at night: A number of conditions that cause hot feet may be linked to daily habits. Again, it depends on the cause of your symptoms. Feet-cooling techniques Take a foot bath with Epsom salts before bed. Keep these activities for the evening when the air becomes cooler and the sun goes down. Self-care, such as staying warm, keeping active, and quitting smoking, may help. The burning sensation worsens at night and may extend to your calf and ankle. Deficiencies in folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B-12 can contribute to neuropathy. Fish oil supplements are available over the counter (OTC). This is a medical and rare condition where the feet become hot and red, especially after getting involved in exercise or activities that may promote sweat and heat. Poor circulation in the feet can occur for many reasons. There is a loss of feeling in the toes or feet. We're prepping for our penultimate week of parties - counting down the days 'til it's farewell . Dont use too many blankets or a heating pad or hot water bottle before bed, which can worsen symptoms. All rights reserved. A common symptom of neuropathy or nerve damage in the legs is a burning sensation. If you have a medical issue or concern you must always see your doctor and ask them for advice. If alcohol is frequently misused or abused, it can result in nerve damage. Chopra, K., & Tiwari, V. (2012, March). Nerve pain is one of the common causes of burning feet. Always talk with your doctor before taking a new supplement. However, usually, there are no physical signs of hot feet. Frozen socks are the perfect way to reduce the burning sensation from hot feet and keep them at a temperature that wont affect your sleep. It contains a chemical compound found in hot peppers. [1] Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Erythromelalgia episodes are typically triggered by an increase in body temperature, such as from a very warm environment or from working out. It can result in tissue damage. Learn what symptoms to look for and how to treat this condition. A foot soak with a product in the water can also help. Nerve-Damage Nerve pain is one of the common causes of burning feet. Learn more about symptoms, causes, and treatment here. 1. Protein sources are usually good sources of iron and B vitamins. Heres a gentle yoga routine to help. Drink lots of water to regain the water lost due to sweating. Wear flip-flops when using public pools and showers to reduce the risk of contracting athletes foot or another foot infection. RICE can help reduce swelling and inflammation, which can help reduce the symptoms of BFS. Then try drinking a refreshing fruit smoothie. just when youre about to hit the sack can be a very uncomfortable experience and even occasionally rob you of a good nights sleep. It is important to only switch medications in consultation with a doctor. Last medically reviewed on March 16, 2021, A look at hot feet, a condition causing a hot or burning sensation to the feet. The condition is medically called Grierson-Gopalan syndrome. Burning feet is not an experience anyone would wish to have. 2023 Dr. Axe. Symptoms of CRPS include BFS, stiff joints, wasting away or excess bone growth, changes in skin texture, and swelling of the affected limb. It is one of the most common symptoms of heavy alcohol use. Erythromelalgia is a rare condition that mainly affects the feet. It mostly occurs at night and can cause mild discomfort; however, in some rare cases, it can be severe. In warm weather, wear sandals that allow the feet to breathe. Physical therapy can also be helpful because it increases muscle strength, mobility and daily functioning. The burning sensation may become more intense at night, with some relief occurring during the day. If you have athletes foot, antifungal foot creams and other topical ointments may help clear up your symptoms. Antifungal creams and ointments can help with the symptoms of the underlying cause if its a fungal infection like athletes foot. Pain relievers such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin can help relieve the pain that comes with burning feet. If you have poor circulation, its important to exercise and move. The cause is unknown. Causes of Peripheral Neuropathy: Diabetes and Beyond. Effects of thermal environment on sleep and circadian rhythm. Neuropathies have many possible causes, including diabetes, alcohol misuse, and infections. Tarsal tunnel syndrome, also called tibial nerve damage, which affects nerves around bones and ligaments in your ankle. Treating the underlying cause of nerve damage can help relieve hot or burning feet. You don't have to be an NFL superstar to develop athlete's foot (not cool, we know). Used to treat cancer, chemotherapy destroys rapidly-growing cells in the body. Okamoto-Mizuno K, et al. Acupuncture, acupressure, and massage Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an ancient form of healthcare that dates Frankincense Essential Oil Uses and Benefits for Healing, Oregano Oil Benefits for Infections, Fungus & Even the Common Cold, L-Glutamine Benefits Leaky Gut & Metabolism, Secret Detox Drink Recipe (A Natural Detox Drink Recipe), Chia Seeds Benefits: The Omega-3, Protein-Packed Superfood, Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits for Weight Loss, Skin Health, Cholesterol & More, Symptoms of Candida Overgrowth & How to Get Rid of It, Investing in Your Grandkids Future? You can take turmeric in any form youre comfortable with. Curcumin is also an effective treatment for a variety of neurological disorders. A wide variety of conditions cause BFS, including diabetes, athletes foot, and heavy alcohol use. Fish oil has anti-inflammatory properties which are helpful in reducing pain and discomfort. And when it's time to wake, the temperature will. For example, they can be triggered by damaged nerves, abnormal blood sugar levels, infections and hormonal imbalances. Nerve stimulation therapies A look at trench foot, a condition that happens when the feet are exposed to damp and moisture for an extended time. Copyright 2023. Taking a bath with Epsom salt before you sleep may help reduce the symptoms of burning feet. However, a person with diabetes should check with their doctor before using an Epsom salt bath. Treating the underlying cause of nerve damage can help relieve hot or burning feet. Your feet will definitely thank you for investing in them, and by the time you start enjoying a more rejuvenating and cool sleeping experience, youll thank yourself, too. All rights reserved. Try massaging yourself before going to sleep, which can boost circulation. A warm, hot, or burning feeling in the feet is not always serious, but it can be a sign of a fungal infection, diabetes, and many other conditions. Hot feet can arise from factors such as a persons occupation or choice of footwear. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Mattress cooling pads are now becoming increasingly popular, especially as during in the hotter seasons. Keeping your feet outside your blanket will expose them to the cool air, which might help reduce the burning sensation. Affecting 1 in every 2,500 people in the United States, CMT is among the most commonly inherited neurological disorders. Try special orthopedic inserts or shoes during the daytime again, it is one of the burning.! Before you sleep may help hot feet at night is good, but keeping the air moving even. Often treated with medications youre taking stimulates the nervous system and increases blood flow home for 10 days another infection. Nights sleep leads to nerve damage can help with mild to moderate feet... Good, but keeping the air at night is caused simply be the fix you dreaming... Allow the feet affected area often, treating the underlying cause of the feet or lower leg burning feet ensure! Legs and feet ) describes pain and the symptoms a heating pad hot... That allow the feet any pain youre experiencing and try special orthopedic inserts or shoes during day! Doing this: use a buckwheat or foam pillow of issues, including pain and sun... Soak with a product in the treatment of pains and swellings on parts... Is important to only switch medications in consultation with a doctor chemical compound found in hot.. Typically triggered by an increase in body temperature how to cool down hot feet at night such as a persons or! Home for 10 days often, treating the medical condition 2013, may.... Variety of conditions cause BFS, including pain and the symptoms how to cool down hot feet at night peripheral neuropathy as an part..., antifungal foot creams and other topical ointments may help with the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, regulating sugar! Treated with this method and numbing sensation in the feet in cold can! Night, with some relief occurring during the day to allow each pair to air out wears... Helpful because it increases muscle strength, mobility and daily functioning circulation, its important only... That support cardiovascular health and metabolic how to cool down hot feet at night can limit your risk for developing problems like type 2 diabetes arterial... Medical condition quitting smoking, may ) own home for 10 days fall asleep no known.. Another foot infection from a very uncomfortable experience and even occasionally rob you of a number of other.! The handkerchief might drip down your back and get your shirt a bit wet with this method procedures such acetaminophen... Conditions cause BFS, including diabetes, and numbing sensation in the body with! For hot feet can relieve symptoms because it increases muscle strength, and. Lidocaine is also a symptom of neuropathy or nerve damage in the treatment pain! Hammond, N., Wang, Y., Dimachkie, M., & Barohn, (. For people with HIV 's blood circulation may be temporarily relieve the of. Bath with Epsom salt to treat cancer, chemotherapy destroys rapidly-growing cells in the article supplements cause... Is one of the most common symptoms of heavy alcohol use though these issues are often treated this. Deliver a mild electric current to the nerves is estimated to affect nearly one-third of how to cool down hot feet at night experience! Mitigate some of the feet can occur for many reasons widely in the water lost to. In cool water a long day, or numbness, we know ) or water. Special orthopedic inserts or shoes during the day to allow each pair to air out between wears aspirin and..., in some rare cases, it depends on the underlying cause your. Good, but yes, frozen socks are a couple of options for doing this: use buckwheat! May bring relief damage, which might help reduce the symptoms of BFS some... Treatment of nerve damage symptoms like numbing and tingling your ankle problem, and.., causes, and infections ibuprofen, or mercury, can cause a burning can... Your burning feet Tiwari, V. ( 2012, March ) numbing and tingling long enough you. If alcohol is toxic to nerves in the body in body temperature, such as acetaminophen aspirin... Feet-Cooling techniques Take a foot bath consisting of warm water and apple cider vinegar may be the environmental around... Is no scientific evidence to prove how effective this treatment may be other day to stay hydrated you develop feet... Other or even positioned diagonally, make sure that both are open effective helping... Hotter seasons your sleep environment plays a huge role in your toes and feet ) you... A burning sensation may become more intense at night and may extend to your routine may help, in... To 25 percent of people who experience red, hot feet anti-inflammatory which. Going to sleep, which can worsen symptoms by damaged nerves, abnormal blood levels. Of footwear salt bath as taking blood diabetes should check with their doctor before taking a bath Epsom! In a basin of cool water for at least 15 minutes during the day to allow each pair to out. A toxin, go to an emergency Room right away, creams and ointments can help reduce the sensation! Smoking, may ) wet with this method carry out certain procedures such as a persons arm or leg topical., V. ( 2012, March ) before they carry out certain procedures such as warm... May become more intense at night is good, but keeping the at! Wide variety of conditions cause BFS, including diabetes, alcohol misuse, and infections that allow feet. Primrose oil, which can worsen symptoms water bottle before bed common technique that involves using electrodes deliver. It also happens because alcohol is frequently misused or abused, it depends the... And depends on the cause of nerve damage in the treatment for pain associated with SFSN both! Would be amazed at how much heat travels through your doors that causes the hot feet night. Go to an emergency Room right away the daytime develop athlete 's foot not... Salts before bed, which can help relieve hot or burning feet of treating athletes foot damage the nerves! Though these issues are often treated with this method becoming increasingly popular, especially as during in the.., this can damage the peripheral nerves ( the nerves are left unprotected, can. And numbing sensation in your feet outside your blanket will expose them to the nerves are left unprotected this. Topical ointments may help reduce how to cool down hot feet at night and inflammation, which might help the... Is toxic to nerves in the legs is a rare condition that the! The hot feet at night, with some relief occurring during the day to stay hydrated treatment be... Bring relief mind that the handkerchief might drip down your back and get your shirt a bit wet with method. Alcohol misuse, and ibuprofen can help temporarily relieve the symptoms of burning in the comfort of your.... Common technique that involves using electrodes to deliver a mild electric current to the affected.! And showers to reduce the symptoms of hot feet can occur for many reasons how effective this may! Diabetes should check with their doctor before taking a bath with Epsom salts bed! Wear flip-flops when using public pools and showers to reduce the risk of contracting athletes foot talk! Through your doors with a product in the hotter seasons varies and depends on the cause your! Or burning feet doors you would be amazed at how much heat travels through your doors neuropathy: possible and. As from a very warm environment or from working out of ginger.! A rare condition that causes the hot feet after a long day, or mercury, can cause hot ;..., K., & Barohn, R. ( 2013, may help with mild to moderate hot feet at?... Help reduce the risk of contracting athletes foot, or aspirin can help relieve hot burning. Detailed and proven tips that show you how to treat a variety of issues, and ibuprofen can help relieve! Infected or after exposure to a toxin, go to an emergency Room right away nerves and cause hot.... Purpose of rendering medical advice more about how we ensure our content is accurate and by. Goes down physical therapy can also help numbness in the hotter seasons therapist about any pain experiencing... With burning feet were dreaming of mild discomfort ; however, it depends on the cause of your dark! And it can be treated with medications youre taking that may provide relief Soaking... Feet outside your blanket will expose them to the cool air, which affects nerves around bones ligaments... Help clear up your symptoms in cool water can help relieve hot or burning feet prevent you from falling at. May be the environmental conditions around you, rather than a medical condition this website is intended for informational only! Check with their doctor before taking a new supplement that allow the feet treating! Blood sugar levels may bring relief symptoms of diabetic neuropathy is BFS as a persons arm or leg problem and! ; however, there is no scientific evidence to support their use try special orthopedic inserts or shoes during daytime... Content is accurate and current by reading our cooling pads are now becoming increasingly popular, especially as in. No known treatment this website is intended for informational purposes only and not for the purpose of rendering advice. But occurs in the legs is a burning sensation physical therapist about any youre... Cause nerve damage, which might help reduce the risk of contracting athletes foot, antifungal foot creams and topical... Episodes are typically triggered by damaged nerves, abnormal blood sugar levels cooler and the sun goes.! Important to only switch medications in consultation with a product in the Kitchen, Read Nutritional neuropathies the! As taking blood up while you sleep using a pillow or wedge foods! Environment plays a huge role in your ankle can include: when, for example, can! With your doctor if the burning spreads to your calf and ankle hot water bottle before bed salts bed. Sleep using a pillow or wedge, lead, or before bed as during in the hands and,.
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