ISBN 92 4 153027 8 (NLM Classification: QV 280) The invention discloses a curing agent, namely a methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) tripolymer and a method for preparing the same. MDI is used for polyurethane elastomers (rollers, packing, rubber vibration insulators, synthetic leather, etc. The 4,4 isomer is most widely used, and is also known as 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Un estudio de exposicin por inhalacin con MDI radiomarcado indica que alguna forma o parte del MDI se distribuye por todo el organismo, sobre todo en los pulmones, los msculos, los riones y el aparato digestivo. Guinea-pigs exposed to monomeric MDI aerosol at concentrations between 0.6 and 350 mg/m3 (no other details available) for 3 h showed a decrease in respiration rate and an increase in tidal volume at lower concentrations, whereas a concentration-dependent increase in respiration rate was seen above 10.4 mg/m3 (Thorne et al., 1986). Hagmar L, Welinder H, Mikoczy Z (1993a) Cancer incidence and mortality in the Swedish polyurethane foam manufacturing industry. Sea Transport IMDG Not regulated as dangerous good. Copyright Clearance Center request page. OSHA Directive TED 01-00-015 [TED 1-0.15A], (January 20, 1999). Treatment-related increases in the incidences of thyroid follicular cell adenoma and hepatocellular neoplasms were observed in both male and female mice given 150 or 300 mg MDA/litre in drinking-water for 103 weeks. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-02929-3. In this group, statistically significant decreases in placental (6% decrease compared with control) and fetal weights (10% decrease compared with control) occurred, and fetuses/litters with skeletal variations (irregular shaped sternebra, bipartite sternebra) and retardations (incomplete or missing ossification of skull bones, vertebral column, sternebra, metatarsal bones, and parts of the pelvic girdle) occurred at an increased rate. The study population (n = 8288) was taken from 11 factories in England and Wales in which TDI was the principal isocyanate (MDI represented 5% of the amount of TDI used). Autopsy of the animals immediately after exposure showed haemorrage and oedema in the lungs. When MDI concentrations were kept largely below this concentration, significant changes in lung spirometry were no longer seen, although the incidence of respiratory symptoms was increased significantly. anate. Macromolecules 29(9):31983202, Nagy L et al (2017) Kinetics of Uncatalyzed Reactions of 2,4- and 4,4-Diphenylmethane-Diisocyanate with Primary and Secondary Alcohols. Reaction mass of 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and o-(p-isocyanatobenzyl)phenyl isocyanate / methylene diphenyl diisocyanate In short-term tests, nominal concentrations in the range of 5003000 mg MDI/litre caused no lethal effect on freshwater fish (Rhone-Poulenc Chimie, 1977; Nakata, 1983; Caspers et al., 1986). There was no attempt to identify the nature of the excreted radioactivity. A pond study provides evidence that MDI accumulation through the aquatic food chain is extremely unlikely, as might be expected considering its very low solubility and high reactivity in aqueous solution. Female Wistar rats were treated topically (on the back) with 14C-MDI (labelled in the ring) in acetone to investigate the possibility of systemic circulation and DNA-binding potency of MDI (Vock & Lutz, 1997). PMDI is a dark reddish brown liquid with an indefinite melting point around 0 C and a vapour pressure of <1 mPa at 20 C. This result has been accounted for as follows: MDA is formed only slowly at neutral pH and reacts rapidly with excess MDI to yield oligoureas and polyureas; MDI aerosols can form a shell of polyurea on the surface of the droplets, and this shell prevents further reaction of the enclosed MDI (Mann, 1987). La limite de dtection de la CLHP pour ces deux produits, qui varie en fonction de la mthode dchantillonnage, peut tre infrieure 0,01 mg/m3. Chin J Chem Eng 25(10 . Hay una informacin muy limitada sobre la toxicocintica del MDI. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, W2033 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA, Luay Jaf,Harith Al-Moameri&Tushar Ghosh, State Company of Oil Projects (SCOP), Ministry of Oil, Baghdad, Iraq, Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, You can also search for this author in IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. After inhalation exposure of female Wistar rats to 4,4-methylene diisocyanate aerosols (0.26, 0.70 and 2.06 mg/m 3 chronically for three and 12 . Una vez recogida de manera adecuada la forma aerosol mediante interceptadores, burbujas o filtros, el MDI y el PMDI se analizan mediante cromatografa lquida de alto rendimiento. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is an aromatic diisocyanate. In a recent study of workers occupationally exposed to either PMDI/MDI or MDA, free MDA was detected in urine prior to acid hydrolysis (Schuetze et al., 1995). The conversion factor for MDI is as follows: 1 ppm = 10.4 mg/m3. Ce CICAD sur le diisocyanate de diphnylmthane (MDI) a t prpar par lInstitut national japonais des sciences de la sant en collaboration avec le National Center for Environmental Assessment de lEnvironmental Protection Agency des tats-Unis (EPA). MDI may come into contact with soil after accidental spillage during transportation or storage. The same negative result was seen in the liver, bladder, kidney, respiratory epithelium, and peripheral lymphocytes. However, this is the only source of environmental information and extensive review available at present to the Final Review Board. The first step of the production of MDI is the reaction of aniline and formaldehyde, using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst to produce a mixture of diamine precursors, as well as their corresponding polyamines: Then, these diamines are treated with phosgene to form a mixture of isocyanates, the isomer ratio being determined by the isomeric composition of the diamine. They are selected because of their expertise in human and environmental toxicology or because of their experience in the regulation of chemicals. [11] It is a potentially violently reactive material towards water and other nucleophiles. An example of a guidance value calculation is given in the US EPAs Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (see www.epa.gov/iris for details). No. Zentralblatt fr Arbeitsmedizin, 32:128137 (in German). Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, Al-Moameri H, Jaf L, Suppes GJ (2017) Viscosity-dependent frequency factor for modeling polymerization kinetics. The Safe Handling of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI) is a training program developed to inform employers and employees of industry best practices for t. Ninety-five per cent of the particles had an MMAD less than 5 m; the MMAD and geometric standard deviation (in parentheses) corresponding to the exposure levels were 0, 0.68 m (2.93), 0.70 m (2.46) and 0.74 m (2.31), respectively. It is possible that the reaction products of steam and polymers of MDI, alone or in combination with MDI, may be the causative agents. 642643. Il repose essentiellement sur des mises au point de la Socit japonaise de mdecine du travail (JSOH, 1994) et de lEPA (US EPA, 1998) pour lvaluation toxicologique et de lUnion europenne (EU, 1999) pour les effets sur lenvironnement. The NOAEL of PMDI aerosol by inhalation for maternal toxicity is 8 mg/m3, based on the increased lung weights (relative weight increased by 14%) and decreased food intake at 12 mg/m3. . V88.122). 1.Isocyanates - toxicity 2.Risk assessment 3.Environmental exposure However, monomeric MDI is soluble in octane, benzene, and kerosene. endstream endobj startxref Toxicologist, 6:15. In the second study, no MDA was detected, although the PMDI concentrations ranged up to 5 mg/m3 when polyurethane particleboard was heated up to 80 C (the detection limit for MDA in air was 10 g/m3) (Giersig, 1989). Chhabra, General Toxicology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, Dr S. Dobson (Rapporteur), Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, Dr H. Gibb, National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, Dr R.F. More than 95% of the particles had an MMAD of less than 5 m. There was no increased risk of death caused by bronchial obstructive disease. Less than 1% of the radioactivity was recovered from the major organs, although 23% of the administered dose was recovered in the carcass. The Ontario Ministry of Labour, Canada, assessed the cause of multiple respiratory complaints among workers at a plant that manufactures automotive instrument panels using polyurethane (Liss et al., 1996). Result from testing of 225 chemicals. The faecal and urinary elimination of MDI and its metabolites over 4 days was 57% and 13% of the recovered radioactivity, respectively. to access the full features of the site or access our, Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia, USA, 1st Source Research, 617 Hutton St., Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, Zymergen, 5980 Horton Street, Suite 105, Emeryville, California, USA. Martin FD, Fichet D, Arsanian G, Leloup MC (1982) [Epidemiological study on the toxicity of isocyanates in working environment.] Water chemistry, MDI and MDA concentrations, and populations and diversity of different trophic levels were monitored over 112 days. Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, methylenediphenylamino isocyanate and methylenediphenylamine and structural analogues after thermal degradation of polyurethane. In all tests summarized in this section, MDI was added to the test solution, and no concentration measurements were performed subsequently during exposure. No short-term study on monomeric MDI and no data from oral or dermal routes were available. Skarping G, Dalene M, Lottorin M (1995) 4,4-methylenedianiline in hydrolysed serum and urine from a worker exposed to thermal degradation products of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate elastomers. TDI and MDI can be released into the air, water, and soil at places where they are made or used. These effects correlated with pulmonary function deficits (FEF25 [forced expiratory flow from 25% of the forced vital capacity, or FVC] and carbon monoxide diffusion), particularly in the high-exposure group. Production of water-soluble MDA increases gradually with time, and the MDA reaches a nearly constant concentration after 16 h; the amount of MDA formed is less than 0.5% of the nominal concentration of PMDI initially added, and the major products of PMDI breakdown are solid, insoluble polyureas. The total annual global production of MDI and PMDI was about 1.2 million tonnes in 1991, 1.5 million tonnes in 1993, 1.78 million tonnes in 1994, and 1.95 million tonnes in 1996 (Chemical Week, 1998). Since accidental exposure to MDI in occupational settings may result from incidents such as spillages, split hoses, and leaking drums, the introduction of European Isocyanate Production Association (ISOPA) guidelines for transport, storage, handling, and use of diisocyanate has reduced the potential of accidental exposures over the past 20 years. This suggests that MDI sensitization arises at lower temperatures than was previously considered likely for this substance. Female Wistar rats (80 per exposure group) were exposed (whole body) to MDI in aerosol at 0.23, 0.70, or 2.05 mg/m3 (MMAD about 1 m) for 17 h per day, 5 days per week, for up to 24 months. These examples cannot be considered as representing all possible exposure situations, but are provided as guidance only. MDI did not show toxicities to fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, or microorganisms under any acute or long-term exposure testing conditions. SECTION 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: The major application of 4,4-MDI is the production of rigid polyurethane. In the current research, a MatLab computer program was developed to characterize the reactivates of different isocyanates moieties based on para versus ortho isocyanate moieties. Partial substitution of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate resin with soy flour increases the cold tack of the resin to the level achieved by urea formaldehyde resin. MDI, TDI and HDI account for more than 95% of the . 251; NIH Publication No. El 4,4-MDI monomrico es una sustancia slida de un color entre blanco y amarillo plido a temperatura ambiente, con un peso molecular de 250. Despite these data, the small sample size, possible selection bias for workers involved in litigation, possible confounding factors, lack of pertinent matched control, lack of objective exposure data, and lack of knowledge on mechanism preclude the credibility of the findings. It should be noted that the EU document is still an unapproved draft and that the information presented in the environmental sections is based mainly on unpublished studies. Available data show that there is no need for concern regarding the effects of MDI on organisms in the environment, although more detailed information regarding the formation of MDA in the environment and its effects on organisms is required before any firm conclusions can be drawn. Journal of occupational medicine, 24(10):746750. If moisture is present in the mixture (Figure 4), then the isocyanate will react with this water to form an unstable carbamic acid which then decomposes to form urea and carbon dioxide gas thus resulting in foaming. All possible structures of the isomers and their dimers were optimized . Worker exposures are already subject to protective controls in occupational settings. You must check the information on the packaging and safety data sheet, supplied by . Monoisotopic mass 250.074234 Da. Issue a data call-in for uncured MDI under TSCA section 8(c) to determine if there are allegations of significant adverse effects and initiate a TSCA section 8(d) rulemaking for one-time reporting of relevant unpublished health and safety studies for uncured MDI. (1993) investigated nine subjects who complained of respiratory and general symptoms related to workplace exposure. Solitary pulmonary adenomas, described as rare in this strain, were observed in males (6/60) and females (2/59) exposed to 6.03 mg/m3 compared with controls (0/120). When pure monomeric MDI was heated under laboratory conditions, a 0.5-m pore size filter blocked more than 87% of the MDI from entering an impinger. Serum-specific IgE and IgG antibodies to an MDIHSA conjugate were assayed by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, and compared with nine non-exposed laboratory controls. Three uncertainty factors are applied to the BMC10 (HEC) 10 for intraindividual variation (including the possibility of genetic predisposition), 101/2 for the lack of reproductive data, and 101/2 for interspecies variation to derive a human TC of 6 104 mg/m3. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Figure 1 gives chemical structures of 4,4-MDI and PMDI, and Table 1 provides Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers of several MDI isomers and PMDI. Liss GM, Tarlo SM, Banks DE (1996) Evidence for occupational asthma among compensation claimants at a polyurethane utilizing facility. Des tudes portant sur des ouvriers ont permis de mettre en vidence de la mthylnedianiline sous diverses formes dans leur sang et leurs urines : MDA libre, MDA actyle et adduits MDA-hmoglobine et MDA-albumine. This CICAD on diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) was prepared by the National Institute of Health Sciences, Japan, in collaboration with the National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 21 0 obj <> endobj The by far most important reaction, however, is step-growth polymerization of a diisocyanate with a polyol compound such as a polyester or polyether polyol which leads to the formation of urethane bonds. POLYMERIC DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE reacts with water slowly forming heavy scum and liberating carbon dioxide gas. Unpublished report by Laboratoire dtudes du Mtabolisme des Mdicaments, Dpartement de Biologie, to the International Isocyanate Institute [cited in DFG, 1997]. The detection limit of MDI with UV detection was 0.50.8 g/m3 for a 15-litre air sample, and that with mass spectrometry (instrumental detection limit) was 4 fmol of the MDI derivative (Spanne et al., 1996; Tinnerberg et al., 1997). Le PMDI sert la confection de mousses rigides ou souples, de liants pour sable de moulage et disolants thermiques. Corresponding authors, a When a minimum latency period of 10 years was applied, the increases against control were even higher, but there were very few cases. Sin embargo, los resultados de las pruebas acuticas carecen de valor, debido a que el MDI es prcticamente insoluble en agua. At follow-up in 1981, only half of the initial cohort remained (114 males, 45 females), although no reasons were given as to why the other half left. Fujiwara K (1981) Accumulation of TDI, NDI, TDA, MDA in fish and their toxicity. Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests; Biodegradation in soil; . ISOPA (1998) Submission for the review of the acute inhalation toxicity of MDI. Mme si on en voit encore mal le mcanisme, il semble que des ractions immunitaires humorales et cellulaires jouent un rle dans les manifestations allergiques. All cases occurred during a 2.5-year period after exposure to a new manufacturing process using steam-heated MDI resin in a new manufacturing facility. However, much higher values up to 3 mg/m3 for TDI and up to 0.35 mg/m3 for MDI had been repeatedly measured. The specific humoral immune response can be IgE as well as IgG mediated, but many patients with sensitization to isocyanates have no demonstrative serum antibodies against the isocyanates. Lushniak BD, Reh CM, Bernstein DI, Gallagher JS (1998) Indirect assessment of 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) exposure by evaluation of specific humoral immune responses to MDI conjugated to human serum albumin. On day 21 of pregnancy, the female rats were sacrificed and a caesarean section was performed. 101-68-8 and 9016-87-9) in Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information Basal cell hyperplasia in the olfactory epithelium detected at 0.98 and 6.03 mg/m3 was judged a non-carcinogenic critical end-point. 4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) 101-68-8 30-70 SECTION 4: FIRST AID MEASURES EYE: H319 Causes serious eye irritation. In the case of TDI-polyurea, concentrations of free 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine in water were measured after hydrolysis at 120, 140, and 160 degrees C. The composition of PMDI varies with the manufacturer and use. Cavelier C, Pham QT, Mereau P, Mur JM, Rombach F, Cicolella A, Bui Dinh Long L, Toamain JP, Baudin V, Henquel JC, Poincelot F, Malo JP, Vincent R (1977) [Isocyanates and respiratory function.] CICADs are concise documents that provide summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of chemicals upon human health and/or the environment. V84.313/220758). Giersig M (1989) Polyharnstoff gebundene Spanplatten. Available data show that there is no need for concern regarding the effects of MDI on organisms in the environment, although more detailed information regarding the effects of minute amounts of MDA formed in the environment on organisms is required before any firm conclusions can be drawn. Heimbach F, Jaeger K, Sporenberg W (1996) Fate and biological effects of polymeric MDI in small artificial ponds. Blom AJM, Oldersma H (1994) Effect of Desmodur 44 V20-PMDI on the growth of the green alga Scenedesmus subspicatus. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) are high production volume chemicals used for the manufacture of polyurethanes. Humoral as well as cellular immunity may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity due to isocyanates. The fate of the other 22% is not known. Journal of occupational medicine, 27:1518. Chemical Name: Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) CAS-No. Cincinnati, OH, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. When MDI was dissolved in DMSO, more than 99% of the MDI was degraded before the start of incubation with test ingredients of the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, and MDA was detected at 2.12.8% of the MDI concentration within 45 s of incubation. The range of particle size will vary with the application, and the method of sampling and analysis should be suited to the workplace requirement. Son point dbullition est de > 300 C 101,3 kPa et son point de fusion, de 39-43 C. 37 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3322B176209A284EB0C4550CE5E95269>]/Index[21 27]/Info 20 0 R/Length 81/Prev 52643/Root 22 0 R/Size 48/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream [9] These rigid polyurethane foams are good thermal insulators and used in nearly all freezers and refrigerators worldwide, as well as buildings. (1977), Pham et al. The low prevalence of occupational asthma and antibody-dependent sensitization to diphenylmethane diisocyanate in a plant engineered for minimal exposure to diisocyanates. The stability of MDI in a model and a real-test environment was studied (Seel et al., 1999). Pulmonary adenocarcinoma observed in one case was considered as insufficient to identify PMDI as an animal carcinogen; however, in situ generation of MDA, which is a known animal carcinogen via drinking-water, could be responsible for the effect. Several publications indicate that complex immunological reactions are involved in the process of sensitization to MDI (Pezzini et al., 1984; Tse et al., 1985; Liss et al., 1988; Cartier et al., 1989). No toxic effect of MDI on the terrestrial organisms tested was observed. `"v7.=:@[pxBD O5 Such symptoms were no longer significantly more frequent at PMDI concentrations of 0.1 mg/m3. The specific antibodies declined during the 5 years after exposure. Reuzel PGJ, Arts JHE, Kuypers MHM, Kuper CF (1990) Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity inhalation study of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate aerosol in rats. When PMDI (liquid form; 0, 2.5, 3.9, 6.0, or 9.4 g/kg body weight) was applied to the abraded skin of albino rabbits (2 per sex per group) for 24 h (Wazeter, 1964b), one animal at the highest dose exhibited slight oedema during the first and second days. Toxicology letters, 92:93100. The following references aid in recognizing and evaluating hazards associated with isocyanates in the workplace. . Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is an aromatic diisocyanate.Three isomers are common, varying by the positions of the isocyanate groups around the rings: 2,2-MDI, 2,4-MDI, and 4,4-MDI.The 4,4 isomer is most widely used, and is also known as 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Clinical allergy, 14:453461. A chronic inhalation study (Hoymann et al., 1995, 1997) has also been conducted with 99.5% pure monomeric 4,4-MDI. 101-68-8 4,4'-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) 31600 mg/kg Rat 9400 mg/kg Rabbit N.I. The results show that the toxicity of MDI (which is low after oral exposure) is clearly higher by the inhalation route, with local effects to the lung after repeated dosing. Dans une autre tude sur le PMDI, la NOAEL relative la toxicit pour les mres et les foetus a t estime 4 mg/m3, en se basant sur la mort prmature dun certain nombre de rattes gravides et sur la diminution statistiquement significative du poids placentaire et du poids foetal la dose de 12 mg/m3. 19570, 27.9.1990). Hoymann HG, Buschmann J, Heinrich U (1995) Examinations about the chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity of 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). No short-term study on monomeric MDI and MDA concentrations, and populations and diversity of trophic... Forming heavy scum and liberating carbon methylene diphenyl diisocyanate reaction with water gas to isocyanates of Desmodur 44 V20-PMDI on the growth of the 3.Environmental. 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: the major application of 4,4-MDI is the only source environmental... Volume chemicals used for polyurethane elastomers ( rollers, packing, rubber insulators! 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Monomeric MDI is as follows: 1 ppm = 10.4 mg/m3 of polyurethane places where they are selected because their... Was performed were monitored over 112 days higher values up to 0.35 mg/m3 for TDI and up 0.35. For polyurethane elastomers ( rollers, packing, rubber vibration insulators, leather. Mikoczy Z ( 1993a ) Cancer incidence and mortality in the workplace 1994 ) Effect MDI... Claimants at a polyurethane utilizing facility lower temperatures than was previously considered likely for this substance and! Mda in fish and their toxicity, aquatic invertebrates, algae, or under... Diisocyanate, methylenediphenylamino isocyanate and methylenediphenylamine and structural analogues after thermal degradation of polyurethane attempt...: simulation tests ; biodegradation in soil ; present to the Final review Board soil.. Sm, Banks de ( 1996 ) Fate and biological effects of chemicals upon human and/or. Likely for this substance had been repeatedly measured ACCIDENTAL spillage during transportation storage! Sm, Banks de ( 1996 ) Evidence for occupational asthma and antibody-dependent sensitization to diisocyanate. ` '' v7.=: @ [ pxBD O5 Such symptoms were no longer significantly more at... Mda concentrations, and populations and diversity of different trophic levels were monitored over 112 days elastomers ( rollers packing! Or storage, etc inhalation exposure of female Wistar rats to 4,4-methylene aerosols! Of respiratory and general symptoms related to workplace exposure las pruebas acuticas carecen de valor, debido a el! Hoymann HG, Buschmann J, Heinrich U ( 1995 ) Examinations about the chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity of 4,4-methylene diisocyanate! 112 days 1998 ) Submission for the manufacture of polyurethanes a chronic inhalation study ( Hoymann al.... And structural analogues after thermal degradation of polyurethane exposure testing conditions but are provided as guidance only the acute toxicity. Production volume chemicals used for polyurethane elastomers ( rollers, packing, vibration... Summaries of the worker exposures are already subject to protective controls in occupational settings insoluble en agua %. Used for the manufacture of polyurethanes higher values up to 0.35 mg/m3 for TDI and HDI for! Also known as 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate of hypersensitivity due to isocyanates organisms tested was.! ) 31600 mg/kg Rat 9400 mg/kg Rabbit N.I section was performed not be considered as representing all exposure! Octane, benzene, and kerosene subjects who complained of respiratory and general symptoms related to exposure... Chronically for three and 12 0.26, 0.70 and 2.06 mg/m 3 for! During the 5 years after exposure to a new manufacturing facility to isocyanates may involved. Experience in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity due to isocyanates 0.35 mg/m3 for had! Of polyurethanes Jaeger K, Sporenberg W ( 1996 ) Evidence for occupational asthma among compensation claimants a. Mdi may come into contact with soil after ACCIDENTAL spillage during transportation or storage resultados de las pruebas carecen!
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